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Atmospheric Refraction

Pikes Peak / 39 Aquarii stellar occultation — 2025-01-27 · Ciddor ray-trace vs Grand Junction radiosonde

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Section 3
Grand Junction Radiosonde
Atmospheric profile — temperature, pressure, humidity, mixing ratio
Section 4
Refractive Index Profile n(z)
Ciddor model with balloon data, 0–35 km
Section 4b
Ciddor Raw Values
Layer-by-layer n from balloon sounding data points
Section 5a
Ray Path to Balloon Ceiling
Observer to 12 km — refracted vs vacuum, true Cartesian spherical coords
Section 5c
Ray Path to 80 km
Full atmospheric path with exit tangent, altitude layers, intersection points
Section 6
Refraction Uplift Curve
Bennett (1982) vs Ciddor ray-trace across 0.2°–89° apparent elevation
Section 7
Observation Geometry
Pikes Peak / 39 Aquarii cross-section — apparent, geometric, astropy directions
Section 7b
Forced 2.52° Geometry
Same diagram at forced apparent elevation of 2.52°